Heavy Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) Compounds Content in Sediment in Jakarta Bay
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46252/jsai-fpik-unipa.2021.Vol.5.No.1.104Keywords:
Jakarta Bay, Sediment, PAH, Heavy metalAbstract
Research on heavy metals content Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) in sediment were carried out in Jakarta Bay in Mei 2016. The purpose of this research is to known the degree of heavy metals pollution Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni and PAH in sediment in its relation to marine biotas protection. Research location were Ancol/Marunda waters, Gembong Estuary and Pari Island waters. Sediment samples analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and Gas Chromatography. The results showed that according to contamination factor values, geo accumulation and load pollution index, sediment in Jakarta Bay including to low contamination and unpolluted category by Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni, while PAH content also still lower compared to sediment quality guideline.
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References
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Agustine, D., 2008. Akumulasi Hidrokarbon Polisiklik (PAH) dalam Kerang Hijau (Verna Viridis L) di Perairan Kamal Muara, Teluk Jakarta. Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor, Indonesia.
Adel, R.M., Al-Fatlawy, Y.F., Najim Abd Own, A., Nameer. M., 2011. Using Pollution Load Index (PLI) and Geoaccumulation Index (I-Geo) for the Assessment of Heavy Metals in Tigris Rivrer Sediment in Bagdad Region. Journal of Al-Nahrain Universisty. 14 (4): 108-114.
Burton, G.A., 2002. Sediment quality criteria in use around the world. Limnology. 3: 65–75.
BCMWLAP, 2006. A Compendium of Working Water Quality Guidelines for British Columbia. MWLAP.
Bing, H., Zhou, J., Wu, Y., Wang, X., Sun, H., Li, R., 2016. Current state, sources, and potential risk of heavy metals in sediments of Three Gorges Reservoir, China. Environ. Pollut. 214: 485–496.
Barokah, RG., Dwiyitno, dan Indrianto Nugroho. 2019. Kontaminasi logam berat (Hg, Pb, dan Cd) dan batas aman konsumsi kerrang hijau (Perna viridis) dri perairan Teluk Jakarta di musim penghujan. JPB Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol. 14 No. 2 Tahun 2019: 95-106.
Budiyanto, F dan Lestari. 2017. Sebaran Temporal dan Spasial Logam Berat di Sedimen Perairan Pesisir: Studi Kasus Teluk Jakarta, Indonesia. Bulletin of the Marine Geology, Vol. 32, No. 1, June 2017, 1-10.
CCME, 2002. Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life Summary Table. Winnipeg, MB.
Darmayanti, Y., Suhartati M Natsir, Lies Indah S, NR Afrianti, Dwi H, K Munawir, R Luthan, Lestari, Deny Y, Herman
R, Abd Rozak, T Kaisupy, Suci L, Salim l, E Matondang. 2016. Pengembangan teknik bioremediasi di kawasan tercemar minyak perairan teluk Jakarta. Pusat Penelitian Oseanografi. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia. Jakarta, Indonesia.: 36 hal
Domingos, M., Bulbovas, P., Camargo, C. Z. S., Aguiar-Silva, C., Brandão, S. E., Dafré-Martinelli, M., Dias, A.P.L., Engela, M.R.G.S., Galiano, J., Moura, B.B., Alves, E.S., Rinaldi, M.C.S., Gomes, E.P.C., Furlan, C.M., Figueiredo, A. M. G., 2015. Searching for native tree species and respective potential biomarkers for future assessment of pollution effects on the highly diverse Atlantic Forest in SE-Brazil. Environmental Pollution. 202: 85–95.'
Duinker, J.C.&M.Th.J. Hillebrand. 1978. Determination of selected organochlorine in seawater. In: K. Grasshoff.M. Erhardt and K. Kremling (Eds). Methods of seawater analysis. Verlag Cheme. Weinheim: 290-304
Duruibe, J.O., Ogwuegbu, M.C., Egwurugwu, J.N., 2007. Heavy Metal Pollution and Human Biotoxic Effects. International Journal of Physical Sciences. 2 : 112-118.
Edward., 2015. Kandungan dan sumber asal senyawa polisiklik aromatik hidrokarbon (PAH) dalam sedimen di Perairan Pakis Jaya, Kabupaten Karawang. Jurnal Akuatika. 6 (2): 95-106.
Edward., 2013. Kajian Kriteria Kualitas Air Laut melalui Monitoring Tingkat Pencemaran dan Bioassay Senyawa Polisiklik Aromatik Hidrokarbon (PAH) di Teluk Jakarta. Pusat Penelitian Oseanografi. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia. Jakarta, Indonesia.
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Gibson, D.T., Mahdevan, V., Jerina, D.M., Yogi, H., Yeh, H.J., 1975. Oxidation of the carcinogens benzo (a) pyrene and benzo (a) anthracene to dihydrodiols by a bacterium. Science: 189:295–297.
Gu, Y., Li, H., Lu, H., 2017. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments from the largest deep plateau lake in China : Occurrence , sources and biological risk. Ecological Engineering. 101: 179–184. doi: 10.1016/ j.ecoleng.2017.02.007.
Greve, P.V. and Grevenstuk, W.B.F. 1975. A convinient small-scale clean up method for extract of fatty samples with basic alumina before GLC analyisis on organochlorine pesticide residue. Mede. Fac. Landbouwwet. Rijksuniv. Gent 40: 1115-1124
Holden, A.V. and Marsden, K. 1969, Single state clean up of animal tissue extract for organochlorine residue analysis. J. Chrom.44: 481-492
Islam, S., Ahmed, K., Habibullah-Al-Mamun, M., Masunaga, S., 2015. Potential ecological risk of hazardous elements in different land-use urban soils of Bangladesh. Sci. Total Environ. 512–513: 94–102.
Khozanah, Yogaswara, D., 2017. Pengaruh aktivitas antropogenik terhadap sebaran dan jumlah jenis polisiklik aromatic hidrkarbon (PAH) dalam air laut dan sedimen di perairan Teluk Jakarta. Jurnal geology kelautan. 15 (2) : 63-71.
Kong, S., Li, X., Li, L., Yin, Y., Chen, K., Yuan, L., Zhang, Y., Shan, Y., Ji, Y. 2015. Variation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric PM2.5 during winter haze period around 2014 Chinese Spring Festival at Nanjing: Insights of source changes, air mass direction and firework particle injection. Science of the Total Environment. 520: 59–72.
Lawal T.A., 2017. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. A review. Peter Fantke (Reviewing Editor). Cogent Environmental Science, 3:1. doi: 10.1080/23311843.2017.1339841
Li, D., Huijbregts, M. A. J., Jolliet, O. 2015. Life cycle health impacts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon for source specific mixtures. Int J Life Cycle Assess. 20: 87–99. doi : 10.1007/s11367-014-0810-6.
Mumtaz, M., George, J., 1995. Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Retrieved from http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp69.pdf
Mohiuddin, M.K., H.M. Zakir., K. Otomo., S. Sharmin., N. Shikazono. 2010. Geochemical distribution of trace metal pollutants in water and sediments of downstream of an urban river. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech. 7 (1):17-28.
Nasher, E., Heng, L.Y., Zakaria, Z., Surif, S., 2013. Assessing the Ecological Risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments at Langkawi Island, Malaysia Hindawi Publishing Corporation. The Scientific World Journal. 2013 : 13 pages. doi: 10.1155/2013/858309
Ong M.C., Tan Y.F., Khoo X.Y., Yong, J.C., 2015. Heavy Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Concentration in Mud Crab (Scylla Serrata) from UMT Mangrove, Terengganu, Malaysia. Advances in Environmental Biology. 9(21): 66-73.
Omwene, P.I., Öncel, M.S., Çelen, M., Kobya, M., 2018. Heavy metal pollution and spatial distribution in surface sediments of Mustafa Kemal Pasa stream located in the world’s largest borate basin (Turkey). Chemosphere. 208: 782–792.
Olayinka, O.O., Adewusi, A.A, Olujimi, O.O., Aladesida, A.A., 2019. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediment and Health Risk of Fish, Crab and Shrimp Around Atlas Cove, Nigeria. J Health Pollution. 9 (24): 1-21.
Pongpiachan, S., 2015. Impacts of agricultural waste burning on the enhancement of PM 2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in northern Thailand. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment. 198: 3–14.
Parizanganeh, A.H., Bijnavand, V., Zamzani, A.A., Hajabolfath, A., 2012. Concentration, Distribution and Comparasion of Total and Biavailable Heavy Metals in Top Soils of Banab District in Zanjan Province. Journal of Soil Science. 2: 123-132.
Permanawati, P., Rina Zuraida, dan Andrian Ibrahim. 2013. Kandungan logam berat (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd dan Cr) dalam air dan sedimen di Perairan Teluk Jakarta. Jurnal geologi kelautan Volume 11, No. 1, April 2013: 9-16.
Qingjie, G., Jun, D., Yunchuan X., Qingfei, W., Liqiang, Y., 2008. Calculating Pollution Indices by Heavy Matlas in Ecological Geochemistry Asserssment and a Case Study in Parks of Baijing. Journal of China University of Geosciences. 19 (3): 230-241.
Rochyatun, E., Rozak, A., 2007. Pemantauan kadar logam berat dalam sedimen di perairan Teluk Jakarta. Makara Seri Sains. 11 (1) : 28-36.
Shams, T. M., Ray, S., Kabir, M.I., Purkayastha, T., 2012. Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination in Incinerated Medical Waste. ARPN Journal of Science and Technology. 2 (10) : 904-911.
Simpson, S.L., Batley, G.A., Chariton, A.A., Stauber, J.L., King, C.K., Chapman, J.C., Hyne, R.S., Gale, S.A., Roach, A.C., Maher., W.A., 2005. Handbook for Sediment Quality Assessment. Publish by Centre Environment Contamination Research. Csiro Bangor-NSW
Sekabira, K., Origa, H.O., Basamba, T.A., Mutumba, G., Kakudidi, E., 2010 Assessment of heavy metal pollution in the urban stream sediments and its tributaries. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 7: 435–446.
SOP (Standard Operation Procedure). 2013. Metode Analisis Senyawa Organik PAH, Pestisida dan Polikkloridabifenil dalam Air laut, Sedimen dan Biota. Pusat Penelitian Oseanografi. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Tóth, T., Vollmannova, A., Tomáš, J., Andreji, J., Lazor, P., Miššík, J. Tóth, J., Bajčan, D., 2011. Cadmium, lead and mercury contents in fishes. In : Chemické listy. 105 (6): 1042.
Umar, D Z., Aziz, N.A., Zulkifli, S.Z., Mustafa, M., 2017. Rapid biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using effective Cronobacter sakazakii MM045 (KT933253). MethodsX. 4: 104–117.
USEPA. 1982a. An exposure and risk assessment for benzo (a) pyrene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Volume II. Naphthalene. USEPA. Office of Water Regulations and Standards. Washington. DC.13
USEPA. 1982b. An exposure and risk assessment for benzo(a)pyrene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Vol. III. Anthracene. acenaphthene. fluoranthene. fluorene. phenanthrene. and pyrene. USEPA. Office of Water Regulations and Standards. Washington. DC.
USEPA 1982c. An exposure and risk assessment for benzo(a)pyrene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Vol. IV. Benzo(a)pyrene. acenaphthylene. benz(a) anthracene. benzo(b)fluoranthene. benzo(k)fluoranthene. benzo(g.h.i) perylene. chrysene. dibenz(a.h) anthracene. and indeno (1.2.3-c.d) pyrene. USEPA. Office of Water Regulations and Standards. Washington. DC.
USEPA., 1996. Method 3050B - Acid digestion of sediments, sludges, and soils. doi:10.1117/12.528651.
Veerasingam, S., chalapathy, R.V., Ramkumar, T., 2012. Heavy Metals and Ecological Risk Assessment in Marine Sediments of Chennai, India. Carpathian Journal of Earth and Enviromental Sciences. 7 (2):111-124.
Vodyanitskii, Y.N., 2016. Standards for the contents of heavy metals in soils of some states. J. Ann. Agrarian Sci. 14: 257–263.
Westerlund, S., Magnuson, B., 1981. Solvent extraction procedures combined with back titration for trace metals determinations by atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal.Chim. Acta. 131: 63-72
Wang, C., Dao, X., Zhang, L. L., Lv, Y. B., Teng, E. J., 2015. Characteristics and toxicity assessment of airborne particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of four background sites in China. Zhongguo Huanjing Kexue/China. Environmental Science. 35: 3543–3549.
Wang, X., Thai, P. K., Li, Y., Li, Q., Wainwright, D., Hawker, D. W., Mueller, J. F., 2016. Changes in atmospheric concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls between the 1990s and 2010s in an Australian city and the role of bushfires as a source. Environmental Pollution 213: 223–231.
Winconsin Department of Natural Resources. 2003. Consensus Based Sediment Quality Guidelines. Recommendations for Use and Application. Department of Interior, Washington D.C. 20240: 17 p.
Xia, F., Qu, L., Wang, T., Luo, L., Chen, H., Dahlgren, R.A., Zhang, M., Mei, K., Huang, H., 2018. Distribution and source analysis of heavy metal pollutants in sediments of a rapid developing urban river system. Chemosphere 207: 218–228.
Yetti, E., Thontowi, A., Yopi., 2016. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria from the Indonesian. Marine Environment. 17 (2): 857-864. doi: 10.13057/biodiv/d170263.
Zhang, Y.X., Tao, S., Shen, H.Z., Ma, J.M. 2009b. Inhalation exposure to ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and lung cancer risk of Chines population. Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences. 106: 21063-21067
Agustine, D., 2008. Akumulasi Hidrokarbon Polisiklik (PAH) dalam Kerang Hijau (Verna Viridis L) di Perairan Kamal Muara, Teluk Jakarta. Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor, Indonesia.
Adel, R.M., Al-Fatlawy, Y.F., Najim Abd Own, A., Nameer. M., 2011. Using Pollution Load Index (PLI) and Geoaccumulation Index (I-Geo) for the Assessment of Heavy Metals in Tigris Rivrer Sediment in Bagdad Region. Journal of Al-Nahrain Universisty. 14 (4): 108-114.
Burton, G.A., 2002. Sediment quality criteria in use around the world. Limnology. 3: 65–75.
BCMWLAP, 2006. A Compendium of Working Water Quality Guidelines for British Columbia. MWLAP.
Bing, H., Zhou, J., Wu, Y., Wang, X., Sun, H., Li, R., 2016. Current state, sources, and potential risk of heavy metals in sediments of Three Gorges Reservoir, China. Environ. Pollut. 214: 485–496.
Barokah, RG., Dwiyitno, dan Indrianto Nugroho. 2019. Kontaminasi logam berat (Hg, Pb, dan Cd) dan batas aman konsumsi kerrang hijau (Perna viridis) dri perairan Teluk Jakarta di musim penghujan. JPB Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol. 14 No. 2 Tahun 2019: 95-106.
Budiyanto, F dan Lestari. 2017. Sebaran Temporal dan Spasial Logam Berat di Sedimen Perairan Pesisir: Studi Kasus Teluk Jakarta, Indonesia. Bulletin of the Marine Geology, Vol. 32, No. 1, June 2017, 1-10.
CCME, 2002. Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life Summary Table. Winnipeg, MB.
Darmayanti, Y., Suhartati M Natsir, Lies Indah S, NR Afrianti, Dwi H, K Munawir, R Luthan, Lestari, Deny Y, Herman
R, Abd Rozak, T Kaisupy, Suci L, Salim l, E Matondang. 2016. Pengembangan teknik bioremediasi di kawasan tercemar minyak perairan teluk Jakarta. Pusat Penelitian Oseanografi. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia. Jakarta, Indonesia.: 36 hal
Domingos, M., Bulbovas, P., Camargo, C. Z. S., Aguiar-Silva, C., Brandão, S. E., Dafré-Martinelli, M., Dias, A.P.L., Engela, M.R.G.S., Galiano, J., Moura, B.B., Alves, E.S., Rinaldi, M.C.S., Gomes, E.P.C., Furlan, C.M., Figueiredo, A. M. G., 2015. Searching for native tree species and respective potential biomarkers for future assessment of pollution effects on the highly diverse Atlantic Forest in SE-Brazil. Environmental Pollution. 202: 85–95.'
Duinker, J.C.&M.Th.J. Hillebrand. 1978. Determination of selected organochlorine in seawater. In: K. Grasshoff.M. Erhardt and K. Kremling (Eds). Methods of seawater analysis. Verlag Cheme. Weinheim: 290-304
Duruibe, J.O., Ogwuegbu, M.C., Egwurugwu, J.N., 2007. Heavy Metal Pollution and Human Biotoxic Effects. International Journal of Physical Sciences. 2 : 112-118.
Edward., 2015. Kandungan dan sumber asal senyawa polisiklik aromatik hidrokarbon (PAH) dalam sedimen di Perairan Pakis Jaya, Kabupaten Karawang. Jurnal Akuatika. 6 (2): 95-106.
Edward., 2013. Kajian Kriteria Kualitas Air Laut melalui Monitoring Tingkat Pencemaran dan Bioassay Senyawa Polisiklik Aromatik Hidrokarbon (PAH) di Teluk Jakarta. Pusat Penelitian Oseanografi. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Edward., 2011b. Kaji mutu senyawa Organik. Pusat Penelitian Oseanografi. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Febris, G.J., Warner, G.F., 1994. Characterization of Toxicants in Sediments from Post Philips Bay: Metals Final Report. Australia. Department of Conservation and natural Resources Melbourne.
Gibson, D.T., 1976. Microbial degradation of carcinogenic hydrocarbons and related compounds. In: Sources. effects and sinks of hydrocarbons in the aquatic environment. American Institute of Biological Sciences. Washington. DC.
Gibson, D.T., Mahdevan, V., Jerina, D.M., Yogi, H., Yeh, H.J., 1975. Oxidation of the carcinogens benzo (a) pyrene and benzo (a) anthracene to dihydrodiols by a bacterium. Science: 189:295–297.
Gu, Y., Li, H., Lu, H., 2017. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments from the largest deep plateau lake in China : Occurrence , sources and biological risk. Ecological Engineering. 101: 179–184. doi: 10.1016/ j.ecoleng.2017.02.007.
Greve, P.V. and Grevenstuk, W.B.F. 1975. A convinient small-scale clean up method for extract of fatty samples with basic alumina before GLC analyisis on organochlorine pesticide residue. Mede. Fac. Landbouwwet. Rijksuniv. Gent 40: 1115-1124
Holden, A.V. and Marsden, K. 1969, Single state clean up of animal tissue extract for organochlorine residue analysis. J. Chrom.44: 481-492
Islam, S., Ahmed, K., Habibullah-Al-Mamun, M., Masunaga, S., 2015. Potential ecological risk of hazardous elements in different land-use urban soils of Bangladesh. Sci. Total Environ. 512–513: 94–102.
Khozanah, Yogaswara, D., 2017. Pengaruh aktivitas antropogenik terhadap sebaran dan jumlah jenis polisiklik aromatic hidrkarbon (PAH) dalam air laut dan sedimen di perairan Teluk Jakarta. Jurnal geology kelautan. 15 (2) : 63-71.
Kong, S., Li, X., Li, L., Yin, Y., Chen, K., Yuan, L., Zhang, Y., Shan, Y., Ji, Y. 2015. Variation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric PM2.5 during winter haze period around 2014 Chinese Spring Festival at Nanjing: Insights of source changes, air mass direction and firework particle injection. Science of the Total Environment. 520: 59–72.
Lawal T.A., 2017. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. A review. Peter Fantke (Reviewing Editor). Cogent Environmental Science, 3:1. doi: 10.1080/23311843.2017.1339841
Li, D., Huijbregts, M. A. J., Jolliet, O. 2015. Life cycle health impacts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon for source specific mixtures. Int J Life Cycle Assess. 20: 87–99. doi : 10.1007/s11367-014-0810-6.
Mumtaz, M., George, J., 1995. Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Retrieved from http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp69.pdf
Mohiuddin, M.K., H.M. Zakir., K. Otomo., S. Sharmin., N. Shikazono. 2010. Geochemical distribution of trace metal pollutants in water and sediments of downstream of an urban river. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech. 7 (1):17-28.
Nasher, E., Heng, L.Y., Zakaria, Z., Surif, S., 2013. Assessing the Ecological Risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments at Langkawi Island, Malaysia Hindawi Publishing Corporation. The Scientific World Journal. 2013 : 13 pages. doi: 10.1155/2013/858309
Ong M.C., Tan Y.F., Khoo X.Y., Yong, J.C., 2015. Heavy Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Concentration in Mud Crab (Scylla Serrata) from UMT Mangrove, Terengganu, Malaysia. Advances in Environmental Biology. 9(21): 66-73.
Omwene, P.I., Öncel, M.S., Çelen, M., Kobya, M., 2018. Heavy metal pollution and spatial distribution in surface sediments of Mustafa Kemal Pasa stream located in the world’s largest borate basin (Turkey). Chemosphere. 208: 782–792.
Olayinka, O.O., Adewusi, A.A, Olujimi, O.O., Aladesida, A.A., 2019. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediment and Health Risk of Fish, Crab and Shrimp Around Atlas Cove, Nigeria. J Health Pollution. 9 (24): 1-21.
Pongpiachan, S., 2015. Impacts of agricultural waste burning on the enhancement of PM 2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in northern Thailand. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment. 198: 3–14.
Parizanganeh, A.H., Bijnavand, V., Zamzani, A.A., Hajabolfath, A., 2012. Concentration, Distribution and Comparasion of Total and Biavailable Heavy Metals in Top Soils of Banab District in Zanjan Province. Journal of Soil Science. 2: 123-132.
Permanawati, P., Rina Zuraida, dan Andrian Ibrahim. 2013. Kandungan logam berat (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd dan Cr) dalam air dan sedimen di Perairan Teluk Jakarta. Jurnal geologi kelautan Volume 11, No. 1, April 2013: 9-16.
Qingjie, G., Jun, D., Yunchuan X., Qingfei, W., Liqiang, Y., 2008. Calculating Pollution Indices by Heavy Matlas in Ecological Geochemistry Asserssment and a Case Study in Parks of Baijing. Journal of China University of Geosciences. 19 (3): 230-241.
Rochyatun, E., Rozak, A., 2007. Pemantauan kadar logam berat dalam sedimen di perairan Teluk Jakarta. Makara Seri Sains. 11 (1) : 28-36.
Shams, T. M., Ray, S., Kabir, M.I., Purkayastha, T., 2012. Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination in Incinerated Medical Waste. ARPN Journal of Science and Technology. 2 (10) : 904-911.
Simpson, S.L., Batley, G.A., Chariton, A.A., Stauber, J.L., King, C.K., Chapman, J.C., Hyne, R.S., Gale, S.A., Roach, A.C., Maher., W.A., 2005. Handbook for Sediment Quality Assessment. Publish by Centre Environment Contamination Research. Csiro Bangor-NSW
Sekabira, K., Origa, H.O., Basamba, T.A., Mutumba, G., Kakudidi, E., 2010 Assessment of heavy metal pollution in the urban stream sediments and its tributaries. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 7: 435–446.
SOP (Standard Operation Procedure). 2013. Metode Analisis Senyawa Organik PAH, Pestisida dan Polikkloridabifenil dalam Air laut, Sedimen dan Biota. Pusat Penelitian Oseanografi. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Tóth, T., Vollmannova, A., Tomáš, J., Andreji, J., Lazor, P., Miššík, J. Tóth, J., Bajčan, D., 2011. Cadmium, lead and mercury contents in fishes. In : Chemické listy. 105 (6): 1042.
Umar, D Z., Aziz, N.A., Zulkifli, S.Z., Mustafa, M., 2017. Rapid biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using effective Cronobacter sakazakii MM045 (KT933253). MethodsX. 4: 104–117.
USEPA. 1982a. An exposure and risk assessment for benzo (a) pyrene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Volume II. Naphthalene. USEPA. Office of Water Regulations and Standards. Washington. DC.13
USEPA. 1982b. An exposure and risk assessment for benzo(a)pyrene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Vol. III. Anthracene. acenaphthene. fluoranthene. fluorene. phenanthrene. and pyrene. USEPA. Office of Water Regulations and Standards. Washington. DC.
USEPA 1982c. An exposure and risk assessment for benzo(a)pyrene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Vol. IV. Benzo(a)pyrene. acenaphthylene. benz(a) anthracene. benzo(b)fluoranthene. benzo(k)fluoranthene. benzo(g.h.i) perylene. chrysene. dibenz(a.h) anthracene. and indeno (1.2.3-c.d) pyrene. USEPA. Office of Water Regulations and Standards. Washington. DC.
USEPA., 1996. Method 3050B - Acid digestion of sediments, sludges, and soils. doi:10.1117/12.528651.
Veerasingam, S., chalapathy, R.V., Ramkumar, T., 2012. Heavy Metals and Ecological Risk Assessment in Marine Sediments of Chennai, India. Carpathian Journal of Earth and Enviromental Sciences. 7 (2):111-124.
Vodyanitskii, Y.N., 2016. Standards for the contents of heavy metals in soils of some states. J. Ann. Agrarian Sci. 14: 257–263.
Westerlund, S., Magnuson, B., 1981. Solvent extraction procedures combined with back titration for trace metals determinations by atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal.Chim. Acta. 131: 63-72
Wang, C., Dao, X., Zhang, L. L., Lv, Y. B., Teng, E. J., 2015. Characteristics and toxicity assessment of airborne particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of four background sites in China. Zhongguo Huanjing Kexue/China. Environmental Science. 35: 3543–3549.
Wang, X., Thai, P. K., Li, Y., Li, Q., Wainwright, D., Hawker, D. W., Mueller, J. F., 2016. Changes in atmospheric concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls between the 1990s and 2010s in an Australian city and the role of bushfires as a source. Environmental Pollution 213: 223–231.
Winconsin Department of Natural Resources. 2003. Consensus Based Sediment Quality Guidelines. Recommendations for Use and Application. Department of Interior, Washington D.C. 20240: 17 p.
Xia, F., Qu, L., Wang, T., Luo, L., Chen, H., Dahlgren, R.A., Zhang, M., Mei, K., Huang, H., 2018. Distribution and source analysis of heavy metal pollutants in sediments of a rapid developing urban river system. Chemosphere 207: 218–228.
Yetti, E., Thontowi, A., Yopi., 2016. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria from the Indonesian. Marine Environment. 17 (2): 857-864. doi: 10.13057/biodiv/d170263.
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2021-02-27
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Edward, E., Munawir, K., Yogaswara, D., Falahuddin, D., Kusnadi, A., Triandiza, T., Helfinalis, H., Wulandari, I., Lestari S, L. S., & Pesilette, R. N. (2021). Heavy Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) Compounds Content in Sediment in Jakarta Bay. Jurnal Sumberdaya Akuatik Indopasifik, 5(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.46252/jsai-fpik-unipa.2021.Vol.5.No.1.104
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